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Invite Me Again Google Translate Soanish

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Multilingual neural machine translation service

Google Translate
Google Translate logo.svg
Screenshot of Google Translate.png

Google Translate website homepage

Type of site

 Neural machine translation
Bachelor in 109 languages; see below
Owner Google
URL translate.google.com
Commercial Yes
Registration Optional
Users Over 500 meg people daily
Launched Apr 28, 2006; 15 years ago  (2006-04-28) (as statistical machine translation)[1]
Nov 15, 2016; 5 years ago  (2016-xi-fifteen) (as neural auto translation)[2]
Current condition Active

Google Translate is a multilingual neural machine translation service developed past Google to translate text, documents and websites from ane language into another. Information technology offers a website interface, a mobile app for Android and iOS, and an API that helps developers build browser extensions and software applications.[iii] Every bit of March 2022, Google Translate supports 109 languages at various levels,[4] and as of April 2016[update], claimed over 500 million total users, with more than than 100 billion words translated daily,[5] after the visitor stated in May 2013 that it served over 200 one thousand thousand people daily.[6]

Launched in Apr 2006 as a statistical machine translation service, information technology used United Nations and European Parliament documents and transcripts to gather linguistic data. Rather than translating languages directly, it kickoff translates text to English and and so pivots to the target language in well-nigh of the language combinations it posits in its grid,[7] with a few exceptions including Catalan-Spanish.[viii] During a translation, it looks for patterns in millions of documents to help make up one's mind which words to choose and how to accommodate them in the target language. Its accuracy, which has been criticized and ridiculed on several occasions,[ix] has been measured to vary greatly across languages.[ten] In November 2016, Google announced that Google Translate would switch to a neural machine translation engine – Google Neural Machine Translation (GNMT) – which translates "whole sentences at a fourth dimension, rather than just piece by piece. It uses this broader context to assist it figure out the nearly relevant translation, which it then rearranges and adjusts to exist more than like a human speaking with proper grammer".[2] Originally only enabled for a few languages in 2016, GNMT is now used in all 109 languages in the Google Interpret roster every bit of March 2022.[4]

History

Google Translate is a complementary translation service developed by Google in April 2006.[eleven] Information technology translates multiple forms of texts and media such equally words, phrases and webpages.

Originally, Google Translate was released equally a statistical motorcar translation service.[11] The input text had to be translated into English first before existence translated into the selected language.[11] Since SMT uses predictive algorithms to translate text, it had poor grammatical accurateness. Despite this, Google initially did not rent experts to resolve this limitation due to the ever-evolving nature of language.[11]

In Jan 2010, Google introduced an Android app and iOS version in February 2011 to serve every bit a portable personal interpreter.[11] As of February 2010, information technology was integrated into browsers such every bit Chrome and was able to pronounce the translated text, automatically recognize words in a moving picture and spot unfamiliar text and languages.[11]

In May 2014, Google acquired Give-and-take Lens to better the quality of visual and phonation translation.[12] It is able to browse text or a picture using the device and accept it translated instantly. Moreover, the organisation automatically identifies foreign languages and translates voice communication without requiring individuals to tap the microphone push whenever speech translation is needed.[12]

In Nov 2016, Google transitioned its translating method to a system called neural motorcar translation.[xiii] It uses deep learning techniques to translate whole sentences at a time, which has been measured to be more accurate between English and French, German, Spanish, and Chinese.[14] No measurement results have been provided by Google researchers for GNMT from English to other languages, other languages to English, or betwixt language pairs that practice non include English. As of 2018, it translates more than 100 billion words a day.[13]

In 2017, Google Translate was used during a court hearing when court officials at Teesside Magistrates' Court failed to book an interpreter for the Chinese defendant.[15]

Functions

Google Translate can translate multiple forms of text and media, which includes text, oral communication, and text within yet or moving images.[sixteen] [17] Specifically, its functions include:

  • Written Words Translation: a function that translates written words or text to a foreign linguistic communication.[18]
  • Website Translation: a office that translates a whole webpage to selected languages.[xix]
  • Document Translation: a function that translates a document uploaded by the users to selected languages. The documents should be in the course of: .doc, .docx, .odf, .pdf, .ppt, .pptx, .ps, .rtf, .txt, .xls, .xlsx.[19]
  • Speech communication Translation: a function that instantly translates oral communication into the selected foreign language.[twenty]
  • Mobile App Translation: in 2018, Google Translate has introduced its new feature called "Tap to Interpret", which fabricated instant translation accessible within whatsoever app without exiting or switching it.[21]
  • Prototype Translation: a role that identifies text in a picture taken past the users and translates text on the screen instantly by images.[22]
  • Handwritten Translation: a function that translates language that are handwritten on the telephone screen or fatigued on a virtual keyboard without the support of a keyboard.[23]
  • Bilingual Conversation Translation: a function that translates conversations in multiple languages.[24]
  • Transcripton: a function that transcribes spoken language in different languages.[25]

For most of its features, Google Translate provides the pronunciation, dictionary, and listening to translation. Additionally, Google Translate has introduced its own Translate app, so translation is available with a mobile phone in offline mode.[16] [17]

Features

Spider web interface

Google Interpret produces approximations across languages of multiple forms of text and media, including text, oral communication, websites, or text on display in still or live video images.[16] [17] For some languages, Google Interpret tin synthesize speech from text,[18] and in certain pairs information technology is possible to highlight specific corresponding words and phrases between the source and target text. Results are sometimes shown with dictional information below the translation box, but it is not a lexicon[26] and has been shown to invent translations in all languages for words it does non recognize.[27] If "Detect linguistic communication" is selected, text in an unknown language tin can be automatically identified. In the web interface, users can propose alternate translations, such as for technical terms, or correct mistakes. These suggestions may be included in future updates to the translation procedure. If a user enters a URL in the source text, Google Translate will produce a hyperlink to a machine translation of the website.[19] Users can relieve translation proposals in a "phrasebook" for later use, and a shareable URL is generated for each translation.[28] [29] For some languages, text can be entered via an on-screen keyboard, through handwriting recognition, or spoken language recognition.[23] [20] It is possible to enter searches in a source language that are first translated to a destination linguistic communication allowing one to browse and translate results from the selected destination linguistic communication in the source language.

Texts written in the Arabic, Cyrillic, Devanagari and Greek scripts can be transliterated automatically from phonetic equivalents written in the Latin alphabet. The browser version of Google Interpret provides the option to show phonetic equivalents of text translated from Japanese to English language. The same pick is not available on the paid API version.

Emphasis of English language that the "text-to-speech" audio of Google Translate of each country uses:

 British (Received Pronunciation) (female)

 General American (female)

 General Australian (female)

 Indian (female)

 No Google translate service

Many of the more popular languages have a "text-to-oral communication" audio role that is able to read back a text in that language, up to a few dozen words or so. In the example of pluricentric languages, the accent depends on the region: for English language, in the Americas, nigh of the Asia-Pacific and Western Asia, the audio uses a female person General American accent, whereas in Europe, Hong Kong, Malaysia, Singapore, Guyana and all other parts of the globe, a female person British (Received Pronunciation) accent is used, except for a special General Australian accent used in Australia, New Zealand and Norfolk Isle, and an Indian English language emphasis used in India; for Spanish, in the Americas, a Latin American accent is used, while in the other parts of the world, a Castilian accent is used; for Portuguese, a São Paulo accent is used around the globe, except in Portugal, where their native accent is used instead; for French, a Quebec emphasis is used in Canada, while in the other parts of the world, a standard European accent is used; for Bengali, a male Bangladeshi accent is used, except in India, where a special female person Indian Bengali accent is used instead. Some less widely spoken languages utilize the open-source eSpeak synthesizer for their speech communication; producing a robotic, awkward voice that may be difficult to empathize.

Browser integration

Google Translate is bachelor in some spider web browsers as an optional downloadable extension that can run the translation engine, which allow right-click command admission to the translation service.[30] [31] [32] In February 2010, Google Translate was integrated into the Google Chrome browser by default, for optional automatic webpage translation.[33] [34] [35]

Mobile app

Google Translate
Google Translate logo.svg

Screenshot

Google Translate iOS app screenshot.png

A screenshot of the iOS app of Google Translate, showing an English translation of "Java" to Simplified Chinese " 咖啡 " or " Kāfēi "
Programmer(s) Google
Initial release January one, 2010; 12 years agone  (2010-01-01) (for Android)
February eight, 2011; xi years agone  (2011-02-08) (for iOS)
Stable release(s) [±]
Android vi.v.0.RC04.292618770 / January 31, 2020; ii years ago  (2020-01-31) [36]
iOS six.3.0 / October iii, 2019; two years ago  (2019-10-03) [37]
Platform
  • Android 5.0 and later
  • iOS 11 and later
Size 20.74 MB (Android)
lxx.9 MB (iOS)
Available in 109 languages; see beneath
Type Neural machine translation
Website interpret.google.com/thou?hl=en

The Google Translate app for Android and iOS supports 109 languages and can suggest translations for 37 languages via photo, 32 via voice in "chat mode", and 27 via live video imagery in "augmented reality mode".[38] [39]

The Android app was released in January 2010, and for iOS on February viii, 2011,[40] after an HTML5 web application was released for iOS users in August 2008.[41] The Android app is compatible with devices running at least Android 2.1, while the iOS app is uniform with iPod Touches, iPads, and iPhones updated to iOS vii.0+.[42]

A January 2011 Android version experimented with a "Chat Style" that aims to permit users to communicate fluidly with a nearby person in another language.[43] Originally express to English and Spanish, the feature received back up for 12 new languages, all the same in testing, the post-obit October.[44] [45]

The 'Photographic camera input' functionality allows users to have a photograph of a document, signboard, etc. Google Translate recognises the text from the image using optical character recognition (OCR) technology and gives the translation. Camera input is not available for all languages.

In January 2015, the apps gained the ability to propose translations of physical signs in existent fourth dimension using the device's camera, as a upshot of Google'southward acquisition of the Discussion Lens app.[46] [47] [12] The original January launch only supported seven languages, but a July update added back up for twenty new languages, with the release of a new implementation that utilizes convolutional neural networks, and too enhanced the speed and quality of Conversation Mode translations (augmented reality).[38] [39] [48] [49] [l] The feature was subsequently renamed Instant Camera. The engineering underlying Instant Camera combines image processing and optical character recognition, then attempts to produce cross-language equivalents using standard Google Translate estimations for the text equally it is perceived.[51]

On May 11, 2016, Google introduced Tap to Translate for Google Translate for Android. Upon highlighting text in an app that is in a strange language, Translate will popular up inside of the app and offer translations.[52]

API

On May 26, 2011, Google appear that the Google Interpret API for software developers had been deprecated and would cease functioning.[53] [54] [55] The Interpret API page stated the reason as "substantial economic burden caused past all-encompassing abuse" with an end date set up for December 1, 2011.[56] In response to public force per unit area, Google announced in June 2011 that the API would keep to be available as a paid service.[53] [54] [57]

Considering the API was used in numerous third-party websites and apps, the original decision to deprecate it led some developers to criticize Google and question the viability of using Google APIs in their products.[58] [59]

Google Banana

Google Translate likewise provides translations for Google Banana and the devices that Google Assistant runs on such as Google Nest and Pixel Buds.

Supported languages

As of March 2022, the following 109 languages are supported by Google Interpret.[4]

  1. Afrikaans
  2. Albanian
  3. Amharic
  4. Arabic
  5. Armenian
  6. Azerbaijani
  7. Basque
  8. Belarusian
  9. Bengali
  10. Bosnian
  11. Bulgarian
  12. Burmese
  13. Catalan
  14. Cebuano
  15. Chewa
  16. Chinese (Simplified)
  17. Chinese (Traditional)
  18. Corsican
  19. Croatian
  20. Czech
  21. Danish
  22. Dutch
  23. English
  24. Esperanto
  25. Estonian
  26. Filipino (Tagalog)
  27. Finnish
  28. French
  29. Galician
  30. Georgian
  31. German
  32. Greek
  33. Gujarati
  34. Haitian Creole
  35. Hausa
  36. Hawaiian
  37. Hebrew
  38. Hindi
  39. Hmong
  40. Hungarian
  41. Icelandic
  42. Igbo
  43. Indonesian
  44. Irish gaelic
  45. Italian
  46. Japanese
  47. Javanese
  48. Kannada
  49. Kazakh
  50. Khmer
  51. Kinyarwanda
  52. Korean
  53. Kurdish (Kurmanji)
  54. Kyrgyz
  55. Lao
  56. Latin
  57. Latvian
  58. Lithuanian
  59. Luxembourgish
  60. Macedonian
  61. Malagasy
  62. Malay
  63. Malayalam
  64. Maltese
  65. Maori
  66. Marathi
  67. Mongolian
  68. Nepali
  69. Norwegian (Bokmål)
  70. Odia
  71. Pashto
  72. Persian
  73. Polish
  74. Portuguese
  75. Panjabi (Gurmukhi)
  76. Romanaian
  77. Russian
  78. Samoan
  79. Scottish Gaelic
  80. Serbian
  81. Shona
  82. Sindhi
  83. Sinhala
  84. Slovak
  85. Slovenian
  86. Somali
  87. Sotho
  88. Spanish
  89. Sundanese
  90. Swahili
  91. Swedish
  92. Tajik
  93. Tamil
  94. Tatar
  95. Telugu
  96. Thai
  97. Turkish
  98. Turkmen
  99. Ukrainian
  100. Urdu
  101. Uyghur
  102. Uzbek
  103. Vietnamese
  104. Welsh
  105. Westward Frisian
  106. Xhosa
  107. Yiddish
  108. Yoruba
  109. Zulu

Stages

History

(by chronological gild of introduction)

  1. 1st phase
    1. English to and from French
    2. English to and from German
    3. English language to and from Spanish
  2. 2nd stage
    1. English to and from Portuguese
  3. tertiary stage
    1. English language to and from Italian
  4. 4th stage
    1. English to and from Chinese (Simplified)
    2. English to and from Japanese
    3. English to and from Korean
  5. fifth stage (launched April 28, 2006)[1]
    1. English to and from Standard arabic
  6. 6th stage (launched December 16, 2006)
    1. English to and from Russian
  7. seventh stage (launched February 9, 2007)
    1. English to and from Chinese (Traditional)
    2. Chinese ((Simplified) to and from Traditional)
  8. 8th stage (all 25 language pairs use Google'due south machine translation system) (launched October 22, 2007)
    1. English to and from Dutch
    2. English to and from Greek
  9. 9th stage
    1. English to and from Hindi
  10. 10th phase (as of this phase, translation can exist done between any ii languages, using English equally an intermediate stride, if needed) (launched May 8, 2008)
    1. Bulgarian
    2. Croatian
    3. Czech
    4. Danish
    5. Finnish
    6. Norwegian (Bokmål)
    7. Polish
    8. Romanaian
    9. Swedish
  11. 11th stage (launched September 25, 2008)
    1. Catalan
    2. Filipino (Tagalog)
    3. Hebrew
    4. Indonesian
    5. Latvian
    6. Lithuanian
    7. Serbian
    8. Slovak
    9. Slovenian
    10. Ukrainian
    11. Vietnamese
  12. 12th stage (launched January 30, 2009)
    1. Albanian
    2. Estonian
    3. Galician
    4. Hungarian
    5. Maltese
    6. Thai
    7. Turkish
  13. 13th phase (launched June 19, 2009)
    1. Persian
  14. 14th phase (launched August 24, 2009)
    1. Afrikaans
    2. Belarusian
    3. Icelandic
    4. Irish gaelic
    5. Macedonian
    6. Malay
    7. Swahili
    8. Welsh
    9. Yiddish
  15. 15th stage (launched November xix, 2009)
    1. The Beta phase is finished. Users can now choose to take the romanization written for Belarusian, Bulgarian, Chinese, Greek, Hindi, Japanese, Korean, Russian, Thai and Ukrainian. For translations from Arabic, Hindi and Western farsi, the user can enter a Latin transliteration of the text and the text will exist transliterated to the native script for these languages as the user is typing. The text can now be read by a text-to-voice communication programme in English, French, German and Italian.
  16. 16th stage (launched January xxx, 2010)
    1. Haitian Creole
  17. 17th phase (launched Apr 2010)
    1. Spoken communication program launched in Hindi and Castilian.
  18. 18th phase (launched May 5, 2010)
    1. Speech program launched in Afrikaans, Albanian, Catalan, Chinese (Mandarin), Croatian, Czech, Danish, Dutch, Finnish, Greek, Hungarian, Icelandic, Indonesian, Latvian, Macedonian, Norwegian, Smoothen, Portuguese, Romanaian, Russian, Serbian, Slovak, Swahili, Swedish, Turkish, Vietnamese and Welsh (based on eSpeak)[60]
  19. 19th stage (launched May xiii, 2010)[61]
    1. Armenian
    2. Azerbaijani
    3. Basque
    4. Georgian
    5. Urdu
  20. 20th phase (launched June 2010)
    1. Provides romanization for Arabic.
  21. 21st stage (launched September 2010)
    1. Allows phonetic typing for Arabic, Greek, Hindi, Persian, Russian, Serbian and Urdu.
    2. Latin[62] [63]
  22. 22nd phase (launched December 2010)
    1. Romanization of Standard arabic removed.
    2. Spell cheque added.
    3. For some languages, Google replaced text-to-speech synthesizers from eSpeak's robot voice to native speaker's nature voice technologies made by SVOX[64] (Chinese, Czech, Danish, Dutch, Finnish, Greek, Hungarian, Norwegian, Polish, Portuguese, Russian, Swedish and Turkish), and too the old versions of French, German, Italian and Spanish; Latin uses the same synthesizer as Italian.
    4. Speech program launched in Arabic, Japanese and Korean.
  23. 23rd phase (launched January 2011)
    1. Choice of different translations for a word.
  24. 24th stage (launched June 2011)
    1. v new Indic languages (in alpha) and a transliterated input method:[65]
    2. Bengali
    3. Gujarati
    4. Kannada
    5. Tamil
    6. Telugu
  25. 25th phase (launched July 2011)
    1. Translation rating introduced.
  26. 26th stage (launched January 2012)
    1. Dutch male vox synthesizer replaced with female.
    2. Elena by SVOX replaced the Slovak eSpeak voice.
    3. Transliteration of Yiddish added.
  27. 27th stage (launched February 2012)
    1. Spoken communication plan launched in Thai.
    2. Esperanto[66]
  28. 28th phase (launched September 2012)
    1. Lao
  29. 29th stage (launched October 2012)
    1. Transliteration of Lao added. (alpha status)[67] [68]
  30. 30th phase (launched October 2012)
    1. New spoken language program launched in English.
  31. 31st stage (launched November 2012)
    1. New speech program in French, German, Italian, Latin and Spanish.
  32. 32nd stage (launched March 2013)
    1. Phrasebook added.
  33. 33rd stage (launched April 2013)
    1. Khmer[69]
  34. 34th stage (launched May 2013)
    1. Bosnian
    2. Cebuano[70]
    3. Hmong
    4. Javanese
    5. Marathi
  35. 35th stage (launched May 2013)
    1. xvi additional languages can be used with camera-input: Bulgarian, Catalan, Croation, Danish, Estonian, Finnish, Hungarian, Indonesian, Icelandic, Latvian, Lithuanian, Norwegian, Romanian, Slovak, Slovenian and Swedish.
  36. 36th stage (launched December 2013)
    1. Hausa
    2. Igbo
    3. Maori
    4. Mongolian
    5. Nepali
    6. Punjabi (Gurmukhi)
    7. Somali
    8. Yoruba
    9. Zulu
  37. 37th stage (launched June 2014)
    1. Definition of words added.
  38. 38th stage (launched December 2014)
    1. Burmese
    2. Chewa
    3. Kazakh
    4. Malagasy
    5. Malayalam
    6. Sinhala[71]
    7. Sotho
    8. Sundanese
    9. Tajik
    10. Uzbek
  39. 39th stage (launched Oct 2015)
    1. Transliteration of Standard arabic restored.
  40. 40th stage (launched November 2015)
    1. Aurebesh
  41. 41st stage (launched February 2016)
    1. Aurebesh removed.
    2. Speech communication program launched in Bengali.[72] [73] [74] [75] [76]
    3. Amharic
    4. Corsican
    5. Hawaiian
    6. Kurdish (Kurmanji)
    7. Kyrgyz
    8. Luxemburgish
    9. Pashto
    10. Samoan
    11. Scottish Gaelic
    12. Shona
    13. Sindhi[77]
    14. West Frisian
    15. Xhosa
  42. 42nd phase (launched September 2016)
    1. Spoken language programme launched in Ukrainian.
  43. 43rd stage (launched December 2016)
    1. Speech programme launched in Khmer and Sinhala.
  44. 44th stage (launched June 2018)
    1. Speech program launched in Burmese, Malayalam, Marāthi, Nepali and Telugu.
  45. 45th phase (launched September 2019)
    1. Speech program launched in Gujarati, Kannada and Urdu.
  46. 46th stage (launched Feb 2020)[78]
    1. Kinyarwanda
    2. Odia
    3. Tatar
    4. Turkmen
    5. Uyghur
  47. 47th stage (launched Feb 2021)
    1. Speech programme launched in several languages (changed from eSpeak to a natural phonation).
    2. New speech arrangement (WaveNet) for several languages.

Languages in development and beta version

The post-obit languages are non yet supported by Google Translate, merely are available in the Interpret Customs. As of March 2022, there are 126 languages in development, of which 25 are in beta version.[79]

The languages in beta version are closer to their public release and accept an sectional extra option to contribute that allows evaluating upwards to four translations of the beta version by translating an English language text of upwardly to fifty characters.

There is currently a petition for Google to add Cree to Google Translate, but every bit of March 2022, it is not i of the languages in development yet.[80] [81]

  1. Acehnese
  2. Adyghe
  3. Afar BETA
  4. Aragonese
  5. Assamese BETA
  6. Avar (Avaric)
  7. Aymara BETA
  8. Bagheli
  9. Balochi (Baluchi)
  10. Bambara BETA
  11. Bangala
  12. Baoulé
  13. Bashkir
  14. Berber (Tamazight) BETA
  15. Betawi
  16. Bhojpuri BETA
  17. Bodo (Republic of india) BETA
  18. Breton
  19. Cantonese
  20. Chechen
  21. Cherokee
  22. Chhattisgarhi
  23. Chittagonian
  24. Chuvash
  25. Deccani
  26. Dholuo
  27. Dogri BETA
  28. Dyula
  29. Dzongkha
  30. Edo
  31. Efik
  32. Esan
  33. Ewe
  34. Fon
  35. Fula (Fulah) BETA
  36. Gagauz
  37. Garhwali
  38. Greenlandic (Kalaallisut)
  39. Guarani BETA
  40. Haryanvi
  41. Hiligaynon
  42. Inuktitut
  43. Ilocano (Iloko)
  44. Isoko
  45. Kamba
  46. Kanuri
  47. Kapampangan (Pampanga)
  48. Karachay-Balkar
  49. Karakalpak (Kara-Kalpak)
  50. Kashmiri
  51. Kedah Malay
  52. Khakas
  53. Khandeshi (Ahirani)
  54. Khorasani Turkic
  55. Kikuyu
  56. Kokborok (Tripuri)
  57. Krio
  58. Kumyk
  59. Kurdish (Sorani) BETA
  60. Kʼicheʼ
  61. Lakota
  62. Lhasa Tibetan (Tibetan) BETA
  63. Lingala BETA
  64. Luba-Kasai (Tshiluba)
  65. Luba-Katanga
  66. Luganda BETA
  67. Madurese
  68. Magahi
  69. Maithili
  70. Maldivian (Divehi) BETA
  71. Marwari
  72. Mazanderani
  73. Meitei (Manipuri) BETA
  74. Minangkabau
  75. Mizo
  76. Montenegrin
  77. Mooré (Mossi)
  78. Navajo
  79. Newar (Nepalbhasa) BETA
  80. Nigerian Pidgin
  81. Northern Sami
  82. Northern Sotho
  83. Occitan
  84. Oromo BETA
  85. Pattani Malay
  86. Qashqai
  87. Rajasthani
  88. Rangpuri (Kamtapuri)
  89. Rohingya
  90. Romansh
  91. Sadri
  92. Salar
  93. Samogitian
  94. Sango
  95. Sanskrit BETA
  96. Santali BETA
  97. Saraiki BETA
  98. Serrano
  99. Shor
  100. Siberian Tatar
  101. Sicilian
  102. Southern Altai
  103. Southern Ndebele
  104. Southern Quechua (Quechua) BETA
  105. Surjapuri
  106. Swahili Congo
  107. Sylheti
  108. Tigrinya BETA
  109. Tiv
  110. Toba Batak (Batak Toba)
  111. Tok Pisin
  112. Tonga (Zambia and Zimbabwe) (Chitonga)
  113. Tsonga (Xitsonga) BETA
  114. Tswana (Setswana)
  115. Tswa
  116. Tuvan (Tuvinian)
  117. Twi BETA
  118. Urhobo
  119. Urum
  120. Varhadi (Varhadi-Nagpuri)
  121. Venda (Tshivenda)
  122. Wolof
  123. Yakut
  124. Yucatec Maya (Yucateco)
  125. Zaza
  126. Zhuang

Translation methodology

In April 2006, Google Translate launched with a statistical automobile translation engine.[1]

Google Translate does non apply grammatical rules, since its algorithms are based on statistical or pattern analysis rather than traditional dominion-based analysis. The organisation'south original creator, Franz Josef Och, has criticized the effectiveness of rule-based algorithms in favor of statistical approaches.[82] [83] Original versions of Google Translate were based on a method chosen statistical machine translation, and more than specifically, on inquiry by Och who won the DARPA competition for speed auto translation in 2003. Och was the head of Google's auto translation grouping until leaving to join Man Longevity, Inc. in July 2014.[84]

Google Interpret does not translate from ane language to another (L1 → L2). Instead, it often translates first to English and so to the target language (L1 → EN → L2).[85] [86] [87] [7] [88] However, because English, like all human languages, is cryptic and depends on context, this can cause translation errors. For example, translating vous from French to Russian gives vous → yous → ты OR Bы/вы .[89] If Google were using an unambiguous, artificial language equally the intermediary, it would be vous → you → Bы/вы OR tu → thou → ты . Such a suffixing of words disambiguates their different meanings. Hence, publishing in English, using unambiguous words, providing context, using expressions such as "you all" often make a meliorate ane-step translation.

The post-obit languages practice not have a directly Google translation to or from English. These languages are translated through the indicated intermediate language (which in about cases is closely related to the desired linguistic communication merely more widely spoken) in addition to through English:[ citation needed ]

  • Belarusian (be ↔ ru ↔ en ↔ other);
  • Catalan (ca ↔ es ↔ en ↔ other);
  • Galician (gl ↔ pt ↔ en ↔ other);
  • Haitian Creole (ht ↔ fr ↔ en ↔ other);
  • Korean (ko ↔ ja ↔ en ↔ other);
  • Slovak (sk ↔ cs ↔ en ↔ other);
  • Ukrainian (uk ↔ ru ↔ en ↔ other);[88]
  • Urdu (ur ↔ how-do-you-do ↔ en ↔ other).

According to Och, a solid base for developing a usable statistical motorcar translation system for a new pair of languages from scratch would consist of a bilingual text corpus (or parallel collection) of more than 150-200 one thousand thousand words, and two monolingual corpora each of more a billion words.[82] Statistical models from these information are then used to interpret between those languages.

To larn this huge corporeality of linguistic data, Google used United nations and European Parliament documents and transcripts.[90] [91] The United nations typically publishes documents in all 6 official United nations languages, which has produced a very large 6-language corpus.

Google representatives have been involved with domestic conferences in Nihon where information technology has solicited bilingual data from researchers.[92]

When Google Translate generates a translation proposal, it looks for patterns in hundreds of millions of documents to help decide on the all-time translation. By detecting patterns in documents that have already been translated by human translators, Google Interpret makes informed guesses (AI) as to what an appropriate translation should be.[93]

Before October 2007, for languages other than Arabic, Chinese and Russian, Google Translate was based on SYSTRAN, a software engine which is yet used past several other online translation services such equally Babel Fish (now defunct). From October 2007, Google Interpret used proprietary, in-business firm technology based on statistical motorcar translation instead,[94] [95] earlier transitioning to neural motorcar translation.

Google has crowdsourcing features for volunteers to be a part of its "Translate Community", intended to help improve Google Interpret'due south accurateness.[96] [97] [98] [99] [100] Volunteers can select upward to five languages to aid improve translation; users tin can verify translated phrases and interpret phrases in their languages to and from English, helping to improve the accuracy of translating more rare and complex phrases. In August 2016, a Google Crowdsource app was released for Android users, in which translation tasks are offered.[102] [103] In that location are 3 means to contribute. First, Google will show a phrase that one should type in the translated version.[98] Second, Google will testify a proposed translation for a user to agree, disagree, or skip.[98] 3rd, users tin can suggest translations for phrases where they think they can ameliorate on Google'southward results. Tests in 44 languages show that the "suggest an edit" feature led to an improvement in a maximum of 40% of cases over iv years, while analysis across the board shows that Google's crowd procedures oft reduce erroneous translations.[104]

Statistical motorcar translation

Although Google deployed a new organisation called neural auto translation for better quality translation, there are languages that still apply the traditional translation method called statistical motorcar translation. It is a rule-based translation method that utilizes predictive algorithms to guess ways to translate texts in foreign languages. It aims to translate whole phrases rather than single words then gather overlapping phrases for translation. Moreover, information technology also analyzes bilingual text corpora to generate statistical model that translates texts from i language to some other.[105]

Google Neural Auto Translation

In September 2016, a inquiry team at Google announced the development of the Google Neural Machine Translation organization (GNMT) to increase fluency and accuracy in Google Translate[two] [106] and in November announced that Google Translate would switch to GNMT.

Google Translate'southward neural machine translation organisation uses a large end-to-end bogus neural network that attempts to perform deep learning,[ii] [107] [108] in particular, long short-term retention networks.[109] [110] [14] [111] GNMT improves the quality of translation over SMT in some instances considering it uses an example-based car translation (EBMT) method in which the system "learns from millions of examples."[107] According to Google researchers, information technology translates "whole sentences at a fourth dimension, rather than only piece past slice. It uses this broader context to assist information technology figure out the most relevant translation, which it then rearranges and adjusts to be more than like a human speaking with proper grammar".[2] GNMT's "proposed architecture" of "system learning" has been implemented on over a hundred languages supported by Google Translate.[107] With the end-to-end framework, Google states simply does not demonstrate for most languages that "the system learns over time to create amend, more natural translations."[ii] The GNMT network attempts interlingual motorcar translation, which encodes the "semantics of the sentence rather than but memorizing phrase-to-phrase translations",[107] [87] and the system did not invent its ain universal linguistic communication, merely uses "the commonality found in between many languages".[112] GNMT was first enabled for eight languages: to and from English and Chinese, French, German, Japanese, Korean, Portuguese, Spanish and Turkish.[2] [106] In March 2017, it was enabled for Hindi, Russian and Vietnamese,[113] followed by Bengali, Gujarati, Indonesian, Kannada, Malayalam, Marä thi, Punjabi, Tamil and Telugu in April.[114]

Accuracy

Google Translate is not as reliable as human being translation. When text is well-structured, written using formal linguistic communication, with simple sentences, relating to formal topics for which training data is aplenty, information technology frequently produces conversions similar to human being translations betwixt English and a number of high-resources languages.[115] [thirteen] Accuracy decreases for those languages when fewer of those atmospheric condition apply, for example when judgement length increases or the text uses familiar or literary language. For many other languages vis-à-vis English, it can produce the gist of text in those formal circumstances.[116] Human evaluation from English to all 102 languages shows that the main idea of a text is conveyed more than fifty% of the fourth dimension for 35 languages. For 67 languages, a minimally comprehensible result is non achieved l% of the time or greater.[10] A few studies have evaluated Chinese,[ citation needed ] French,[ citation needed ] German language,[ commendation needed ] and Spanish[ commendation needed ] to English, but no systematic homo evaluation has been conducted from about Google Translate languages to English language. Speculative language-to-language scores extrapolated from English-to-other measurements[10] signal that Google Translate will produce translation results that convey the gist of a text from i language to some other more than half the time in about 1% of language pairs, where neither linguistic communication is English.[117] Research conducted in 2011 showed that Google Translate got a slightly college score than the UCLA minimum score for the English Proficiency Examination.[118] Due to its identical choice of words without considering the flexibility of choosing alternative words or expressions, it produces a relatively similar translation to human translation from the perspective of formality, referential cohesion, and conceptual cohesion.[119] Moreover, a number of languages are translated into a sentence structure and judgement length like to a human translation.[119] Furthermore, Google carried out a examination that required native speakers of each language to charge per unit the translation on a calibration betwixt 0 and vi, and Google Translate scored 5.43 on average.[xiii]

When used every bit a lexicon to translate single words, Google Translate is highly inaccurate because it must guess between polysemic words. Amid the top 100 words in the English linguistic communication, which brand upwardly more than fifty% of all written English, the average word has more than than 15 senses,[120] which makes the odds confronting a correct translation about 15 to 1 if each sense maps to a different word in the target language. Virtually common English words have at least 2 senses, which produces 50/50 odds in the likely case that the target linguistic communication uses different words for those dissimilar senses. The odds are similar from other languages to English. Google Translate makes statistical guesses that raise the likelihood of producing the most frequent sense of a word, with the consequence that an accurate translation will be unobtainable in cases that do not friction match the majority or plurality corpus occurrence. The accuracy of single-word predictions has not been measured for any language. Because almost all not-English pairs pivot through English, the odds against obtaining accurate single-give-and-take translations from one not-English language to another can be estimated by multiplying the number of senses in the source language with the number of senses each of those terms have in English. When Google Interpret does not have a give-and-take in its vocabulary, information technology makes up a result as part of its algorithm.[27]

Google Translate's inaccuracy tin be illustrated by translating from 1 language to another then back to the original language. This will frequently result in nonsensical constructions, rather the recovering the original text. [ citation needed ]

Limitations

Google Translate, like other automatic translation tools, has its limitations. The service limits the number of paragraphs and the range of technical terms that can be translated, and while it tin can help the reader sympathize the general content of a strange language text, it does not always deliver accurate translations, and near times it tends to repeat verbatim the same word information technology is expected to interpret. Grammatically, for example, Google Translate struggles to differentiate between imperfect and perfect aspects in Romance languages and so habitual and continuous acts in the past oft go single historical events. Although seemingly pedantic, this tin can often atomic number 82 to incorrect results (to a native speaker of for case French and Spanish) which would accept been avoided past a human translator. Knowledge of the subjunctive mood is almost non-existent.[121] [ unreliable source? ] Moreover, the formal 2nd person ( vous ) is often called, whatever the context or accustomed usage.[122] [ unreliable source? ] Since its English language reference fabric contains only "you lot" forms, it has difficulty translating a language with "you all" or formal "you" variations.

Due to differences between languages in investment, inquiry, and the extent of digital resources, the accurateness of Google Translate varies greatly among languages.[13] Some languages produce amend results than others. Most languages from Africa, Asia, and the Pacific, tend to score poorly in relation to the scores of many well-financed European languages, Afrikaans and Chinese being the high-scoring exceptions from their continents.[x] [123] No languages indigenous to Australia or the Americas are included within Google Translate. College scores for European can be partially attributed to the Europarl Corpus, a trove of documents from the European Parliament that have been professionally translated by the mandate of the Eu into as many as 21 languages. A 2010 analysis indicated that French to English translation is relatively authentic,[124] and 2011 and 2012 analyses showed that Italian to English language translation is relatively accurate as well.[125] [126] However, if the source text is shorter, rule-based auto translations often perform better; this effect is particularly axiomatic in Chinese to English language translations. While edits of translations may be submitted, in Chinese specifically 1 cannot edit sentences as a whole. Instead, one must edit sometimes capricious sets of characters, leading to wrong edits.[124] A skillful case is Russian-to-English. Formerly one would use Google Translate to make a typhoon and so apply a lexicon and common sense to correct the numerous mistakes. As of early 2018 Translate is sufficiently accurate to make the Russian Wikipedia accessible to those who can read English. The quality of Translate can be checked past adding it equally an extension to Chrome or Firefox and applying it to the left linguistic communication links of any Wikipedia article. It can exist used as a lexicon by typing in words. I can interpret from a book past using a scanner and an OCR like Google Bulldoze, but this takes virtually v minutes per page.

In its Written Words Translation function, there is a give-and-take limit on the amount of text that tin be translated at in one case.[18] Therefore, long text should be transferred to a document form and translated through its Document Translate office.[18]

Moreover, like all machine translation programs, Google Translate struggles with polysemy (the multiple meanings a give-and-take may take)[127] [13] and multiword expressions (terms that have meanings that cannot exist understood or translated by analyzing the individual word units that compose them).[128] A word in a strange language might have two different meanings in the translated language. This might pb to mistranslations.

Additionally, grammatical errors remain a major limitation to the accuracy of Google Translate.[129]

Open-source licenses and components

Linguistic communication WordNet License
Albanian Albanet CC-By-3.0/GPL iii
Arabic Arabic WordNet CC-By-SA iii
Catalan Multilingual Cardinal Repository CC-By-3.0
Chinese Chinese Wordnet (Taiwan) Wordnet
Danish DanNet Wordnet
English Princeton WordNet Wordnet
Finnish FinnWordNet Wordnet
French WOLF (WOrdnet Libre du Francais) CeCILL-C
Galician Multilingual Fundamental Repository CC-By-three.0
Haitian Creole MIT-Haiti Initiative CC-BY-4.0
Hebrew Hebrew Wordnet Wordnet
Indonesian Wordnet Bahasa MIT
Italian MultiWordNet CC-Past-3.0
Japanese Japanese Wordnet Wordnet
Malay Wordnet Bahasa MIT
Norwegian Norwegian Wordnet Wordnet
Persian Persian Wordnet Costless-to-use
Polish plWordNet Wordnet
Portuguese OpenWN-PT CC-BY-SA-three.0
Spanish Multilingual Key Repository CC-BY-3.0
Thai Thai Wordnet Wordnet

Irish language information from Foras na Gaeilge's New English-Irish Dictionary (English database designed and developed for Foras na Gaeilge by Lexicography MasterClass Ltd.)

Welsh linguistic communication data from Gweiadur past Gwerin.

Certain content is copyright Oxford Academy Press Us. Some phrase translations come from Wikitravel.[130]

Reviews

Soon after launching the translation service for the first time, Google won an international competition for English language–Standard arabic and English–Chinese motorcar translation.[131]

Translation mistakes and oddities

Since Google Interpret used statistical matching to interpret, translated text can oftentimes include apparently nonsensical and obvious errors,[132] oft swapping mutual terms for similar only nonequivalent common terms in the other language,[133] also equally inverting sentence pregnant.[134] Novelty websites like Bad Translator and Translation Party accept utilized the service to produce humorous text by translating back and along between multiple languages,[135] like to the children's game telephone.[136]

If the app tries to translate Monty Python's "The Funniest Joke in the World" into English, the service returns the bulletin "[FATAL Error]".[137]

See too

  • Apertium
  • Babel Fish (discontinued; redirects to the chief Yahoo! site)
  • Comparing of machine translation applications
  • DeepL Translator
  • Google Dictionary
  • Google Translator Toolkit
  • Jollo (discontinued)
  • Listing of Google products
  • Microsoft Translator
  • Reverso
  • Smartcat
  • Voice communication Services
  • SYSTRAN
  • Word Lens (discontinued; merged into Google Interpret app)
  • Yandex Translate

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